[Effect of resistance training on serum level of resistin and insulin resistance indices in underweight inactive men]

Background and Objective: A few data is available about effect of exercise training on level of resistin and novel insulin resistance indices in underweight inactive men. This study was performed to determine the effect of a period of resistance training on serum level of resistin and insulin resistance indices in underweight inactive men

Methods: In this clinical trial study, nineteen underweight inactive men were randomly divided into resistance training [n=9, 20.9 +/- 3.6 yr] and controls [n=10, 21.4 +/- 2.7 yr]. Resistance training protocol consisted of twelve weeks weight training, 3 sessions training per week, each session for 60 minutes. General characteristics of subjects, serum concentration of resistin, and indices adiponectin-resistin [AR], homeostasis model assessment - adiponectin ratio [HOMA-AD] and insulin resistance [IRAR] were assessed before and after the training

Results: HOMA-AD and IRAR were reduced in resistance training group compare to controls, while serum resistin and AR did not significant reduce. Pretest-posttest difference means of HOMA-AD and IRAR were different between resistance training and control groups, while no significant differences were observed in the case of serum resistin concentration and AR. These parameters were not significant in the control group

Conclusion: Resistance training is associated with improved insulin resistance [decrease of HOMA-AD and IRAR indices], while did not change resistin level in underweight inactive men

Association of the serum resistin concentration with blood pressure, insulin resistance, lipid profile, white blood cell and cardiorespiratory function in obese and lean men

Adipocytokine resistin is an inflammatory mediator and a biomarker of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the serum resistin concentration and blood pressure, insulin resistance, lipid profile, white blood cell, and cardio respiratory function in obese and lean men. In this descriptive-analytical study, thirty-eight obese and lean men were selected. After 12 h fasting, blood samples were collected and general characteristics of the subjects were assessed. Serum resistin concentration was higher in obese than in lean men [P<0.01], and was positively correlated with the insulin resistance index [The Homeostatic Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance] only in obese men [r=0.40, P=0.002]. The resistin level was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure [obese: r=0.34, r=0.008, lean: r=0.31, P=0.004] and white blood cell [obese: r=0.19, P=0.001, lean: r=0.15, P=0.004], while negatively correlated with cardio respiratory function index [VO[2]max][obese: r=-0.41, P=0.003, lean: r=0.36, P=0.005]. No significant correlation was observed between the serum resistin level and lipid profile and diastolic blood pressure in the obese and lean men. Only VOhmax in lean men [P=0.005], and insulin resistance and VO[2]max in obese men [P=0.002, and P=0.009, respectively] were predictive of the resistin level. The obese men have higher resistin levels compared to the lean men and this higher level is associated with higher insulin resistance. It seems that the insulin resistance and cardio respiratory function can be predictive of the resistin level

[Comparison of the effect of electronic education and pamphlet on the knowledge of women about their post partum hygiene]

Introduction: E-learning has a great role in patient education. This study aimed at comparison of the effect of electronic education and pamphlet on the knowledge of women about their post partum hygiene

Method: this quasi-experimental study was conducted in Shahid Behshti hospital, Isfahan, Iran in 2013. A total of 72 primipara women were enrolled in the study. They were randomly divided into two intervention and control groups. Intervention group received education using electronic and booklet package for 2 weeks. A questionnaire was completed by both groups before and 2 weeks after the test. Collected data was entered into SPSS v.11.5. Descriptive statistics, independent t-test, paired t-test, and chi-square were used for analysis of data. The significant level was considered less than 0.05

Results: before intervention findings did not show any significant difference between knowledge scores in intervention and control groups, while a statistically significant difference was observed 2 weeks after the intervention [P=.013]. Paired t-test showed a statistically significant difference in knowledge scores of both groups after the intervention [P=.021, P=.014]

Conclusion: electronic and pamphlet educational packages can increase the level of knowledge in postpartum women; hence, the importance of using this teaching materials

[Effect of resistance training on serum interleukin-18 and C-reactive protein in obese men]

Previous studies have reported inconsistent findings about the effect of endurance training on level of interleukin-18 [IL-18] and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hsCRP] in obese individuals. This study was performed to determine the effect of resistance training on serum level of IL-18 and hsCRP in obese men. In this clinical trial, eighteen obese men were randomly divided into training and control groups. After 12-hours fasting, height, weight, body mass index, body fat percent, serum level of IL-18 and hsCRP were assessed before and after training period. Resistance training protocol consisted of twelve weeks training, 3 sessions training per week, each session for 60 minutes. Mean +/- SD of IL-18 were 323.34 +/- 46.57 pg/ml and 239.43 +/- 53.75 pg/ml in training and control groups, respectively. Mean +/- SD of hsCRP was 3.83 +/- 3.65 microg/ml and 3.03 +/- 2.98 microg/ml in training and control groups, respectively. This difference was not significant. Performing resistance training for twelve weeks did not significantly reduce IL-18 and hsCRP in obese men

Delay in the diagnosis and treatment of oral cancer

Statement of Problem: Oral and pharyngeal cancer is one of the most mortal cancers; however, its quick diagnosis and referral is a crucial factor in enhancing the survival rate of the patients

Purpose: The aim of this study was to inspect the referral conditions and the reasons for the delay in curing the patients referred to the educational hospitals in Tehran

Materials and Method: In this retrospective -descriptive study, two hundred and fifty six files related to the oral and pharyngeal cancer were inspected. The documents were obtained from 5 educational hospitals specialized in the field of cancers. Eventually data related to the time difference between the first time of attending to lesion and diagnosing the cancer as patient's delay and until the curing as professional's delay were recorded

Results: The majority of cancers were squamous cell carcinoma [SCC]

The patient's delay was recorded in 110 files among the whole files

The mean of the time between the patients' first notice of the problem and the time visiting a primary care clinician was 270 days [range, 0-2520 days]. The mean of the time from when the patient visited a primary- care clinician to the starting time of definitive treatment was 90 days [range, 0- 270 days]

Conclusion: In this study, like other studies, SCC was the most common occurring cancer

Delays related to the patients were more than those related to the professionals. And at last, accuracy in recording the files and training the patients were recognized to be the most imperative factors to continue the treatment successfully

[ comparison of GH, insulin resistance index, lipid profile, cardiorespiratory function and their relations to leptin levels in inactive obese and lean young men]

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to compare GH, insulin resistance index, lipid profile, cardiorespiratory function and their associations to leptin levels in inactive obese and lean young men

Materials and Methods: Thirty-eight obese and lean young men were studied. After 12 h fasting [at 8 A.M.], blood samples were collected to determine blood parameters levels and maximal oxygen uptake [as indicators of cardiorespiratory function] of subjects was also assessed

Results: Leptin and insulin levels, HOMA-IR [insulin resistance index] were higher, and GH and maximal oxygen uptake levels were lower, in obese versus lean men. Serum leptin concentrations were positively correlated to body mass, body fat percent, body mass index, insulin and HOMA-IR, and negatively correlated to GH levels and maximal oxygen uptake. No significant correlations were observed between serum leptin concentrations and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, and lipid profiles in any of the groups. Independent t-tests were used to compare characteristics between obese and underweight groups, and relationships were calculated by Pearson's correlation analysis, P values<0.01 being considered statistically significant

Conclusion: Obese and lean inactive young men had different levels of leptin, GH, insulin, insulin resistance index, cardiorespiratory function and body fat percent, of which body fat percent, insulin, and GH appear to the be more important determinant factors for leptin levels

[Cardiovascular risk factors in first relative member of patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome in Shiraz, Iran]

There is a genetic background for polycystic ovary syndrome [PCOS]. Due to increase metabolic disorders, lipoproteins, impaired glucose tolerance, and hypertension in PCOS patients, this study was done to determine the cardiovascular risk factors in first relative member of patients with polycystic ovarian syndrom in Shiraz, Iran. This case - control study was carried out on 107 parents and siblings of women with PCOS as cases and 107 non-PCOS parents and siblings of women as controls in Shiraz, Iran during 2007-08. Demographic characteristic, BMI, obesity and blood pressure were recorded for all subjects. Serum lipoproteins including total cholestrol, triglyceride, LDL, HDL and fasting blood sugar were measured in cases and controls. Data were analyzed using SPSS-16.5, independent t-test, Chi-Square and Kappa tests. 35.3%, 26.5%, 11.76% and 5.8% of fatheres in cases were considered as overweight class I, class II, class III of obesity, respectively when compared to controls. This differecne was significant [P<0.05]. Waist -hip ratio in mothers in cases [25.6%] and controls [17.9%] were higher than 0.85. Waist -hip ratio among the sisters in case and control groups were 23.5% and 17.6%, respectively [P<0.05]. Hypertension was observed in 12.2% of cases and 3.7% of controls. This difference was not significant. High level of triglyceride were determined in 14.94% of cases and 6.5% of controls. A significant correlation was found between BMI and diabete II in case and control groups [P<0.05]. Disorder in glucose tolerance test [GTT] in case and control goups were 19.62% and 7.47%, respectively [P<0.05]. The obesity was found in 18.7%, 6.54% in cases and controls with disorder in GTT [P<0.05]. This study showed that obesity, central obesity, high level of serum lipoproteins and hypertension among first relative member of patients with PCOS are significantly higher than the controls

[Assessment of the effect of 20% oral sucrose on pain relief from hepatitis B vaccine injection in full term infants]

Newborns often experience pain during routine invasive procedures. Although the pain caused by immunization injections could be controlled, but this procedure in infants is often done without pain relief. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of 20%oral sucrose on the relief of pain from Hepatitis Bvaccine injection in full term infants. In this randomized clinical trial, 60 infant were selected and divided randomly into two groups. In the case group, 2 ml of 20% sucrose were given orally to the infants 2 minutes prior to the intramuscular injection of Hepatitis B vaccine. By contrast, the control group received 2 ml of sterile distilled water instead of sucrose. Infants' pain levels were assessed with the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale [NIPS] prior to the administration of the sucrose or water, as well as immediately after and 5 minute after the injection. Our findings show that there were no significant differences in the pain levels prior to the injection between the two groups regarding sex, gestational age, birth weight, mode of delivery, and postnatal age. There were also no significant differences in pain severity immediately after the injection between the two groups. However, 5 minute after the injection the average level of pain severity in the 20% sucrose group was significantly lower than the control group [P = 0.012]. Oral administration of 20% sucrose does not have an effect on the pain level immediately after intramuscular injection, but it relieves the pain 5 minute after the injection

[ relationship between servant leadership and job involvment of staff in teaching hospitals affiliated to Kurdistan university of medical sciences: 2011]

Servant leadership, a newly developed concept of leadership, emphasizes on increased services to others, as well as a holistic attitudes toward people, individual development and shared decision making. The servant-leadership philosophy focuses on servant leader, training staff and developing services in the society. This research aimed to study the relationship between servant leadership and its four dimensions [servicing, humility, trust and agapao love] as independent variables and job involvement as a dependent variable, among the staff of teaching hospitals affiliated to Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences KUMS. This was a descriptive - analytical study conducted in 2011. The population included 151 staff of teaching hospitals affiliated to KUMS. Data were collected through Servant Leadership and Job Involvement Questionnaires and were analyzed using SPSS software, descriptive statistics and spearman correlation test. There was a significant and positive correlation between servant leadership and its four dimensions and job involvement among the staff of teaching hospitals affiliated to KUMS [r=0.343 and P-Value<001]. The mean scores for servant leadership and job involvement were 2.56 and 2.78 out of 4, respectively. The high correlation between servant leadership and job involvement and a moderate correlation between servant leadership and job involvement suggest that managers should always be pioneers in serving customers inside and outside their organizations and consider this as their major responsibility

Tryptophan and sterols from salvia limbata

Salvia limbata is an aromatic herbaceous plant and grows widely in Iran Turkey and Afghanistan. In the previous study, six flavones together with rosmarinic acid were isolated from the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of S. limbata. In this report, we focused on the isolation and identification of the glycosylated sterols and the main accumulated amino acid of the species S. limbata, which has not been previously reported. Aerial parts of the plant were dried, cut into small pieces and extracted with ethyl acetate and methanol by percolation at room temperature. The separation process was carried out using several chromatographic methods. Structural elucidation was based on NMR data, in comparison with those reported in the literature. The isolated compounds [Figure 1] from the ethyl acetate and MeOH extracts of S. limbata were identified as beta-sitosterol [1], stigmasterol [2], daucosterol [3], stigmasterol 3- O-glucoside [4] and tryptophan [5] by comparison of their NMR spectral data with those reported in the literature S. limbata can accumulate the tryptophan as a major free amino acid together with sterols and their glucosides. Therefore, consumption of S. limbata [as a herbal tea or other preparations], which contains the essential amino acid tryptophan, might be useful for dietary deficiency of tryptophan

[ relationship between organizational health and performance indicators of health care in teaching hospitals affiliated to Tehran university of medical sciences: 2011]

Organizational health, influenced by various factors, can affect the effectiveness, efficiency, and profitability of the organization. This study investigated the relationship between organizational healths [and its seven-fold dimensions] and the performance indicators at teaching hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences [TUMS]. This descriptive, analytical and applied study was conducted in winter 2011. There were 300 employees randomly selected from among the research population who were the staff of teaching hospitals affiliated to TUMS. The instruments were the checklist of performance indicators and a standard questionnaire of organizational health the validity of which was obtained through opinion analysis of seven experts and its reliability was measured by Cronbach's alpha [88%]. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS software and descriptive statistics including absolute frequency, relative frequency, mean, standard deviation, and Spearman correlation test. No significant relationship was found between any of performance indicators and either of the dimensions of morality, scientific emphasis, consideration, and support of resources. Significant relationship was, however, observed between construction of organizational health and indicators of the total number of occupied bed days, total number of those admitted the performance of the rotating beds, and the crude mortality rate [P

[Insulin resistance in first degree relatives of patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome]

Polycystic ovarian syndrome is one of the most common hyper androgenic disorders with hyperandrogenemia and insulin resistance affecting women. Approximately 40% of sisters of patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome have hyperandrogenemia phenotype. The current study was conducted to survey the abnormal glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, and incidence of diabetes type2 in first degree relatives of patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome. This was a case-control study which was conducted at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2008. One hundered and seven individuals as case group and 107 individuals as control group were evaluated. After registering their height and weight, a blood sample was obtained from all participants in order to assay both their serum insulin and blood sugar. Then participants were asked to drink 75 gr glucose solutions, and after lapsing for 2 hours, a blood sample was taken from all participants again. After doing biochemical tests, data were gathered and analyzed by means of independent t-test and Fisher's exact test as well as chi-square. Analysis was done by using SPSS software, version 11.5. Insulin resistance with fasting insulin, glucose intolerance and obesity of control group were much different from case group and these differences were statistically significant [p<0.05]. The first degree relatives of women suffering from polycystic ovarian syndrome are exposed to impaired tolerance glucose, Insulin resistance and diabetic mellitus

Brine shrimp cytotoxicity of some medicinal plants Belongs to Lamiaceae, Asteracea, Rosaceae and Boraginaceae Families

In this report, we evaluated the cytotoxic activity of the hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous methanol extracts of the aerial parts of some species belongs to Lamiaceae, Boraginaceae, Asteraceae and Rosaceae families. In order to examine the cytotoxicity of the plant extracts, Brine Shrimp Cytotoxicity Assay was used against Artemia salina larva. Results showed that Scutellaria Tornefortii indicated cytotoxic activity against the larva of Artemia salina. The minimum lethal concentration of its aqueous methanol extract, as the most effective extract, was 6 g/ml compared to berberine hydrochloride as the positive control [LC[50]=26 microg/ml]. EtOAc extract of Rubus hyrcanus was also a potent cytotoxic extract [LC[50]=28 microg/ml]. In addition to those mentioned plants, Echium amoenum, Onosma bulbotrichum, Stachys byzanthina and Rubus discolor could be the potential sources of cytotoxic components. Some of the medicinal plants, growing widely in north part of Iran, are effective against the larvae of A. salina, so they could be a promising source of anti-cancer and anti-tumor compounds

Cytotoxic flavonoid from Achillea talagonica Bioss

Achillea talagonica [Asteraceae] is an endemic herbaceous plant in Iran with small yellow flowers and several times pinnately divided leaves in worm shape. The plant was found to be cytotoxic in our previous studies. A. talagonica was collected in May 2005 from Talegan in north of Iran during the full flowering stage. Dried aerial parts of the plant were reduced in to small pieces and percolated with ethyl acetate for 72 hours. The extract obtained was filtered and then concentrated under reduced pressure and completely dried by a freeze dryer. Column chromatography of the extract on silica gel and sephadex LH-20 yielded in isolation of three main components. Cytotoxic activity was evaluated against the Artemia salina larvae by the Brine Shrimp Cytotoxicity Bioassay. Isolated compounds were identified as alpha-sitosterol [1], salvigenin [5- hydroxy 4', 6, 7- three methoxy flavone] [2] and santoflavon [5- hydroxy 4', 3', 6, 7- tetra methoxy flavone] [3]. NMR data of all the isolated compounds showed good agreement with literature data. In our previous studies ethyl acetate extract of A. talagonica showed cytotoxic activity in brine shrimp lethality assay. The results of BST assay indicated that only santoflavone [3] showed a good cytotoxic activity [LC[50]=15 micro g/ml] against A. salina larvae so this compound seems to be responsible for the extract toxicity of A. talagonica against Artemia nauplii

Prevalence and quality of life in Qashqai migrating nomads with irritable bowel syndrome in southern Iran

Irritable Bowel Syndrome [IBS] is an important public health problem, owing both to its high prevalence and its impact on the quality of life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of IBS and its relationship to life style in Qashqai migrating nomads with a different lifestyle in Fars province, southern Iran. In summer 2006, 748 Qashqai migrating nomads aged 25 years or more were enrolled, using a multiple-stage stratified cluster random sampling method. A questionnaire consisting of demographic data and IBS symptoms was completed for each subject. For about 50% of them, SF 36 questionnaire was also completed. The prevalence rate of IBS was 11.8% and there was a close relationship between IBS and the life quality. The prevalence of IBS in Qashqai migrating nomads was higher than the urban population in the area with a close relationship to the life quality